In the water treatment industry, membrane bioreactors are set to be deployed in large-scale, real-world applications. MBR membrane bioreactors can be classified into different types based on their membrane components and underlying principles. Overall, MBR membrane bioreactors are categorized as follows.

　　What are the classifications of MBR membranes? Let’s analyze them together below.

　　MBR membrane bioreactor: Membrane separation reactors are used in wastewater treatment for solid-liquid separation. MBR membrane aeration bioreactor: In membrane aeration, the membrane facilitates efficient gas transfer, typically supplying oxygen for aerobic processes. This method enables bubble-free aeration of microorganisms, significantly enhancing the reactor's oxygen-transfer efficiency. Extraction membrane bioreactor: Extraction membranes are primarily employed in industrial applications for the selective removal of priority pollutants, allowing targeted extraction of specific contaminants through the membrane.

　　Based on the arrangement of the membrane module, systems can be categorized into split-type and integrated-type. In a split-type membrane bioreactor, the reactor and the membrane components are separated; the mixed liquid from the reactor is pressurized and fed into the membrane unit, where, under pressure, the liquid portion of the mixture passes through the membrane to produce treated water, while the activated sludge is retained and returned to the biological reactor along with the concentrated effluent. In contrast, the integrated system places the membrane module directly within the reactor, allowing filtrate to be drawn out via suction. The crossflow needed to clean the membrane surface is generated by air sparging—installed just beneath the membrane—and as the mixed liquid rises with the airflow, it creates shear forces at the membrane surface, effectively reducing fouling. The integrated membrane process represents a seamless integration of wastewater treatment technology and membrane separation techniques.

　　Based on whether the membrane bioreactor requires oxygen, it can be classified into aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors.

　　Aerobic membrane bioreactors are commonly used in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Aerobic MBR systems are particularly well-suited for urban sewage treatment, often employed for water reuse, as well as for treating industrial effluents to remove specialized contaminants like petroleum-based pollutants.

　　In an anaerobic membrane bioreactor, the effective interception by the membrane not only addresses the issue of anaerobic sludge easily escaping from the bioreactor and causing a decline in effluent quality, but also enhances both the structure of the anaerobic reactor and its overall treatment performance through membrane separation. For instance, when combining UASB with a membrane module, the anaerobic membrane reactor eliminates the need for a traditionally designed three-phase separator, enabling efficient solid-liquid-gas separation.

　　On the contrary, in a two-phase anaerobic MBR system, the membrane separation process increases the concentration of acidogenic bacteria in the acid reactor, thereby enhancing hydrolysis efficiency. The membrane effectively traps large-molecule organic compounds within the acid reactor, further boosting hydrolysis and maintaining a consistently high oxidation rate. Anaerobic reactors are particularly effective for treating high-concentration organic wastewaters, while membrane bioreactors, due to insufficient aeration, rely on separate treatment systems to keep the anaerobic sludge suspended.

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